{"id":40528,"date":"2022-06-14T17:25:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T15:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/ip-theft-on-the-rise-have-you-protected-your-business-s-intellectual-property\/"},"modified":"2025-07-07T15:05:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T13:05:09","slug":"intellectual-property-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/intellectual-property-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"Intellectual Property Protection: Is Your Business Safe from IP Theft?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"40528\" class=\"elementor elementor-40528 elementor-33191\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39389ba6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"39389ba6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d77e732 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d77e732\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"flex_column av-2sut3cn-0943567e96719412090e9d12d435ed5a av_three_fifth avia-builder-el-9 el_after_av_one_fifth el_before_av_one_fifth vecip flex_column_div \"><div class=\"avia-image-container av-9s8453-01c9476d4d729d3b047e8ff432931d45 av-styling- avia-align-center avia-builder-el-10 el_before_av_textblock avia-builder-el-first \"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\">Intellectual property (IP) is the heart of the 21st-century company, an essential motor driving innovation, competitiveness, and the growth of businesses and the economy as a whole. According to the research conducted in the previous years by Ocean Tomo, the value of the intangible asset grew from 68% to 84% within just two decades \u2013 from 1995 to 2015.<a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/intellectual-property-attorney\/#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> The same research was updated in 2020, as part of the analysis of the economic effects of COVID-19, and the results have shown that the value of the immaterial assets has continued to grow, to even 90%[2].<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\">Therefore, it is justifiable to say that in the Digital Age, IP theft is set to rise within the coming years and could potentially affect thousands of companies and startups, especially in the IT industry. The Internet has definitely made theft easier than ever before.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\">IP theft is a business leader\u2019s nightmare \u2013 it may mean forfeiture of the first-to-market advantage, loss of profitability, or\u2014in the worst case\u2014losing entire lines of business to competitors or counterfeiters. Therefore, whether you are a startup or an established company, it is never too early to build protective walls around your IP. Do not wait until it is too late!<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-special-heading av-diufqf-4a1873914c15b6250a3562d8a8a677da av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-12 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_textblock av-inherit-size av-linked-heading\"><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">Which IP Rights Belong to Your Business?<\/h2><\/div><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2l7roqf-79893c113146f699b7c72a3c36943494\"><div class=\"avia_textblock linkz\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Intellectual property (IP)<\/strong> refers to creations of the mind. We are surrounded by and constantly interact with someone\u2019s intellectual property. For example, while reading this blog post, you will come across photographs protected by <strong>copyright<\/strong>, you are sitting in front of your computer which bears a brand name protected by a trademark (for example, Lenovo), or you are probably sitting on a chair possibly protected by design rights and you might be holding a pen whose mechanism has been patented at some point.<\/p><p>There is a general consensus as to what makes the core of IP content, such as literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, recordings, films and broadcasting, inventions, registered and unregistered designs, signs, names and images capable of distinguishing the goods or services. <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/intellectual-property-attorney\/#_ftn1\">[3]<\/a> Therefore, anything you have created, from an idea of how to develop your business to the logo or <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/open-source-code\/\">computer code<\/a>, may represent your intellectual property.<\/p><p>For instance, if you are an IT company, a piece of <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/legal-protection-of-software\/\">software you developed is protected by your copyright<\/a>.<\/p><p>Intellectual Property is protected by the IP rights such as:<\/p><ul><li>copyright,<\/li><li>patents,<\/li><li>designs,<\/li><li>trademarks,<\/li><li>geographical indications, and<\/li><li>trade secrets. <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/intellectual-property-attorney\/#_ftn2\">[4]<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Intellectual property rights give their creator the right to exploit this property and prevent others from making unauthorized use of its IP without the creator\u2019s approval, for a limited period of time. However, although there is a general consensus on what is the subject of IP rights \u2013 a book, a song or a movie, the scope and limits of Intellectual Property Law are not completely clear. <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/intellectual-property-attorney\/#_ftn3\">[5]<\/a> In this brief overview, we will focus only on the most common types of IP rights in our daily practice: trademarks, copyrights, patent,s and trade secrets. On the other hand, industrial design as another right within this category, along with the possibilities when it comes to its protection, has been covered by a <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/industrial-design-protection\/\">separate text available on our blog<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/section><div class=\"av-special-heading av-18t5nb-72e16705d5b03a940ade49d0558d4f2a av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-14 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_textblock av-inherit-size av-linked-heading\"><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">Intellectual Property Protection \u2013 why does it matter?<\/h2><\/div><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2iovft3-05f839b14fbef9004e1adb3185884135\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>As an IP owner, you are entitled to enjoy the benefits of your hard work, as well as the results of your investment in the creation and success. This means that you can decide if and how your property can be used.<\/p><p>Your creations are vital for the growth of your business. In fact, IP rights provide you with a mechanism for earning financial benefit for their use by others. If your intellectual creation is stolen, your competitors may reap without sowing, unfairly diminishing your competitive advantage and damaging your business. In the era in which hardly a day goes by without each of us googling something, it has never been so easy to access information and the chances of your work being copied have never been greater. Therefore, protecting your IP has become more important than ever before.<\/p><\/div><\/section><div class=\"av-special-heading av-156euv-c2f95c9d05746d080ed36c13554f073a av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-16 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_textblock av-inherit-size av-linked-heading\"><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">Who Can Steal My Business\u2019s IP?<\/h2><\/div><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-8ouxmf-d99f92efd48374c9951c2849066ea7af\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>We often see theft of intellectual property by current or former employees in a company. Theft can have various forms from taking certain sequences of software to stealing a part of a company\u2019s business name (especially if the company has previously failed to <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/trademark-registration\/\">register a trademark<\/a>). It is very common to see the unlawful use of confidential information for the purposes of establishing a business competitive with its former employer, which tends to be detrimental in the absence of a properly drafted <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/non-disclosure-agreements\/\">non-disclosure agreement (NDA)<\/a>.<\/p><p>In the case of IT companies, apart from employees, theft is commonly performed by entrepreneurs who offer software development services to the IT company.<\/p><p>Nevertheless, it is not unusual to see both competitors and criminal and recreational hackers, as IP thieves as well.<\/p><\/div><\/section><div class=\"av-special-heading av-xtx93-1d893e058deba87bbffeedb35b53256b av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-18 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_image av-inherit-size av-linked-heading\"><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">How Do I Protect My Business\u2019s IP?<\/h2><\/div><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2a7c7l3-f7f8e6ef5f07b1eaa81241d5e47a8944\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Some IP rights are automatically safeguarded by IP laws (such as copyright), while others require a certain activity, i.e., some form of legal action (trademarks, patents, which must be properly registered). Nevertheless, when it comes to confidential information, you need to make sure you have proper internal confidentiality procedures in force.<\/p><p>So what can you do?<\/p><p>Although below you will find some useful advice for the protection of each individual IP right, let\u2019s start with some items that are common for all the rights:<\/p><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3>Be careful of third-party assistance!<\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>If you\u2019ve hired a person or company to create your IP and\/or products, it is vital you have a <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/legal-protection-of-software\/\">detailed and protective agreement<\/a> in place. This should assign full ownership rights to you upon payment or completion, as these do not automatically transfer to you. Such agreements are especially important in the IT sector.<\/p><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3>Carefully Draft Employment Agreements<\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>If your own employees create the IP during their employment, you need to ensure that IP stays in your company in any scenario. Although there is a legal assumption in that regard, there are several issues that must be stipulated by the employment agreement as well, in order to achieve comprehensive protection.<\/p><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3>IP License Agreement<\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In case you would like to provide permission to use your IP to another party, be careful with the IP license agreement to be able to maximize your profit and at the same time retain control over it.<\/p><\/div><\/section><div class=\"av-special-heading av-7laoh3-3b139538e597d9ee048c11dc7a244a05 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-21 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_image av-inherit-size av-linked-heading\"><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">Trade Secrets<\/h2><\/div><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-24vck53-e975f382427584de462337ccd00bb83c\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The most jeopardized IP nowadays is actually trade or corporate secret, rather than IP already in the public domain (such as trademarks and patents). Why? Well, because it can be monetized quickly. Thus, unlike other types of cyber crimes such as the theft of credit cards or personal data, it may take considerable time to be discovered.<\/p><p>It can easily be said that copyrighted data, such as software code is one of the most endangered categories. Among other popular targets are also business strategies, customer lists, merger plans, manufacturing processes and etc.<\/p><p>So, how do you protect your business from the misappropriation of trade secrets?<\/p><p>These are the ways:<\/p><ul><li>Introduce confidentiality and security procedures (which are in practice set out by a separate and detailed Rulebook).<\/li><li>Sign carefully drafted<a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/nda-with-employees\/\"> non-disclosure agreements with employees<\/a>, subcontractors and business partners.<\/li><li>Collect evidence of confidentiality procedures and possible misappropriation.<\/li><li>Do not forget to conclude properly drafted contracts with non-compete clauses.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Our attorneys can help formulate policies and procedures to help protect your critical know-how. By implementing procedural and physical safeguards, NDA execution and auditing, and robust enforcement practices, it is possible to achieve protection for your trade secrets.<\/p><\/div><\/section><div class=\"av-special-heading av-5fgok7-85b1865c86239913b4b8c79e4c59db62 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-24 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_image av-inherit-size av-linked-heading\"><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">Trademarks<\/h2><\/div><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-1zb9ml3-5473773bd28b7d9d5a0697102acc16d8\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>A trademark <\/strong>is an IP right protecting a certain sign that is used in the market to distinguish certain goods or services from other same or similar goods or services.<\/p><p>For instance, a brand of a company can be protected by a trademark.<\/p><p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/trademark-registration\/\">trademark<\/a> may include a word, name, symbol, logo, or combination thereof with a purpose to indicate the source of the goods or services. The main function of a trademark is to prevent customers from being misled or deceived. Therefore, even if you own a web domain or register a company under a certain business name, you are not fully protected. If someone decides to register, for example, the same word or logo as a trademark, you could be forced to re-brand the entire business.<\/p><p>For many businesses, the brand value may far exceed the worth of the company\u2019s tangible assets. Therefore, no wonder why Don Keough, chief operating officer and a director of The Coca-Cola Company from 1981 to 1993, has said: <em>\u201cI define my role as president of The Coca-Cola Company very simply: It is to protect and enhance the trademarks of the company.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>In order to be eligible for protection, a mark must be distinctive of the proprietor so as to identify the proprietor\u2019s goods or services. To obtain trademark or service mark protection you need to file an application for <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/trademark-registration\/\">trademark registration either nationally, regionally (European Community), or internationally<\/a>. In Serbia, trademark applications are to be sent to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.zis.gov.rs\/home.59.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Intellectual Property Office in Belgrade.<\/a> The application needs to precisely specify the goods and\/or services for which the trademark is to be registered. Before sending the application, it is absolutely vital to undertake an analysis of the registered mark database to avoid the application being refused or to reduce the risk of potential trademark infringement, which may have very costly consequences.<\/p><\/div><\/section><div class=\"av-special-heading av-3w1fuv-7382f1290fa7ea03334e29c120fca08b av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-27 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_image av-inherit-size\"><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">Copyright<\/h2><\/div><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-1uc7q47-cee686c3b548db0ee2c97225955c7a99\"><div class=\"avia_textblock linkz\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>An idea, no matter how original, will not be protected until it is expressed in some way \u2013 that is the moment when the copyright enters the scene. However, international IP law expressly prohibits the introduction of formalities for the protection of copyright, meaning that, unlike in the case of trademarks and patents, creators enjoy protection without the need for registration of their works. The intangible property protected by copyright law is distinctive in that it arises automatically.<\/p><p>Copyright provides a scope of exclusive rights to the authors of:<\/p><ul><li>literary works (books, brochures, articles, translations, software),<\/li><li>oral works (lectures, speeches, etc.),<\/li><li>dramatic works,<\/li><li>dramatic-musical works, choreography and pantomime,<\/li><li>musical works,<\/li><li>movie works,<\/li><li>works of fine art (paintings, drawings, sketches, graphics, sculptural works),<\/li><li>architectural works,<\/li><li>cartography works (geographic and topographic maps),<\/li><li>plans, sketches, models and photography,<\/li><li>theatre works.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>As you can see, the copyright covers the entire spectrum of the different works. In order for your intellectual work to be protected by the copyright, it must fulfil one condition \u2013 originality. However, there is no generally accepted interpretation of this term, and neither there is a legal definition, so in case of an eventual proceeding, the court will need to determine whether a particular work is original or not.<\/p><p>As a copyright owner, you have two types of rights \u2013 economic and moral rights.<\/p><ul><li>Economic rights are property rights which are limited in time and which may be transferred by the author to other people in the same way as <a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/deed-gift\/\">any other property<\/a>. They usually include the right to reproduction, the right to distribution, the right to make the work available to the public, as well as the right to make an adaptation of the work.<\/li><li>On the other hand, moral rights are the rights of creators of copyrighted works, such as, among others, the right of attribution, the right to have a work published anonymously or pseudonymously, as well as the right to object to the jeopardizing of the work\u2019s reputation or honor. Moral rights are tightly related to the personality of the author, which is why they cannot be transferred to another person by contract.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section><div class=\"av-special-heading av-2lv26f-d21e3bab4db24d51a1e5459162c8a89b av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote avia-builder-el-30 el_after_av_textblock el_before_av_image av-inherit-size\"><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">Patents<\/h2><\/div><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-1qrl0vb-767127325fc2abf037103fa4119fd684\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Inventions, both product,s and processes, which are<\/p><ul><li>new,<\/li><li>inventive, and<\/li><li>are industrially applicable,<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>may be protected by a patent.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>A patent confers an exclusive right granted by a state to an inventor for a certain period of time in return for disclosure of his or her invention to the public. In other words, the patent protects the new inventions of a certain technological significance and contribution.<\/p><p><u>Under the Serbian law<\/u><u>,<\/u><u> inventions may be protected by: <\/u><\/p><ul><li>patent, which lasts for 20 years from the date of filing the application, or<\/li><li>petty patent, which lasts for 10 years from the filing date of application.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Similar to some other rights we have previously analyzed, a patent provides for a wide scope of rights to its owner, such as the right to use in the production, right of disposal or distribution. However, given that the patent must be new, before filing an application for a patent or petty patent it is crucial to check if your invention has already been protected and find information about the inventions belonging to the same technical field.<\/p><p>Regardless of whether your business is recognizable by the distinctive trademark or you are developing an innovative technical solution that has never been seen on a market before, one thing is for sure: the adequate protection of your intellectual property is one of the key steps in the (successful) fulfillment of your business plan.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-5ov47b-374de3ec3c1f0e1df239d2120994b64e\"><div class=\"avia_textblock linkz\"><h6>\u00a0<\/h6><h6>\u00a0<\/h6><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/intellectual-property-attorney\/#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oceantomo.com\/media-center-item\/annual-study-of-intangible-asset-market-value-from-ocean-tomo-llc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http:\/\/www.oceantomo.com\/2015\/03\/04\/2015-intangible-asset-market-value-study\/<\/a><\/h6><h6>[2] Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oceantomo.com\/intangible-asset-market-value-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/www.oceantomo.com\/intangible-asset-market-value-study\/ <\/a><\/h6><h6>[3] According to Art. 2, para viii, WIPO Convention (1967) \u201eIntellectual Property\u201c includes \u201ethe rights relating to \u2013 literary, artistic and scientific works \u2013 performances and performing artists, photographs and broadcasts \u2013 inventions in all field of human endeavor \u2013 scientific discoveries \u2013 industrial designs \u2013 trademarks, service marks, and commercial names and designations \u2013 protection against unfair competition and all other rights resulting from intellectual activity in industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields.\u201c<\/h6><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/intellectual-property-attorney\/#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[4]<\/a> In common law countries passing off is also considered to be a part of IP law, while civil law countries protect unregistered trademark rights via the laws on unfair competition.<\/h6><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/intellectual-property-attorney\/#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[5]<\/a> The Supreme Court of the UK in Phillips v. Mulcaire (2012) UKSC 28.<\/h6><\/div><\/section><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Intellectual property (IP) is the heart of the 21st-century company, an essential motor driving innovation, competitiveness, and the growth of businesses and the economy as a whole. According to the research conducted in the previous years by Ocean Tomo, the value of the intangible asset grew from 68% to 84% within just two decades \u2013 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":68170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,111],"class_list":["post-40528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-information-technology-en","category-intellectual-property-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40528"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68142,"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40528\/revisions\/68142"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zuniclaw.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}